在生活和工业生产中，清洗是一项必不可少的工作。从精密的电子元件到日常的眼镜首饰，从复杂的机械零件到各类光学仪器，清洗的质量直接影响着产品的性能和使用寿命。而超声波清洗机，凭借其独特的清洗原理和高效的清洗效果，正逐渐成为清洗领域的 “明星产品”。

Cleaning is an essential task in both daily life and industrial production. The quality of cleaning directly affects the performance and service life of products, from precision electronic components to everyday eyewear and jewelry, from complex mechanical parts to various optical instruments. Ultrasonic cleaning machines, with their unique cleaning principles and efficient cleaning effects, are gradually becoming the "star products" in the cleaning field.

一、发展历程：从理论到应用的跨越

1、 Development process: a leap from theory to application

超声波清洗技术的发展可以追溯到 20 世纪初。1914 - 1918 年，朗之万发明了夹心压电换能器，为超声波技术的发展奠定了基础。20 世纪 20 年代，梅森发明变幅杆，与换能器连接可产生高强度超声波振动。30 年代，美国无线电公司技术人员提出超声波清洗技术。中国的超声波清洗器件起始于 50 年代初，最初主要应用于电子、光学和医药等领域。随着技术的不断发展，70 - 80 年代，美国及欧洲将超声波技术广泛运用到工业生产上。90 年代后期，超声波清洗设备种类繁多，技术逐渐走向成熟，高频超声波清洗设备的占比也越来越高。

The development of ultrasonic cleaning technology can be traced back to the early 20th century. In 1914-1918, Langevin invented the sandwich piezoelectric transducer, laying the foundation for the development of ultrasonic technology. In the 1920s, Mason invented a variable amplitude rod that, when connected to a transducer, can generate high-intensity ultrasonic vibrations. In the 1930s, American radio company technicians proposed ultrasonic cleaning technology. China's ultrasonic cleaning devices began in the early 1950s and were initially mainly used in fields such as electronics, optics, and medicine. With the continuous development of technology, in the 1970s and 1980s, the United States and Europe widely applied ultrasonic technology to industrial production. In the late 1990s, there were various types of ultrasonic cleaning equipment, and the technology gradually matured. The proportion of high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning equipment also increased.

二、工作原理：神奇的 “空化效应”

2、 Working principle: magical "cavitation effect"

超声波清洗机的工作原理主要基于超声波的 “空化效应”。超声波是频率高于 20000 赫兹的声波，它具有方向性好、穿透能力强、易于获得较集中声能的特点。当超声波在液体中传播时，会使液体中的微气泡在声波的作用下保持振动。在减压力作用时，液体中产生真空核群泡；在压缩力作用时，真空核群泡受压力压碎产生强大的冲击力，这种冲击力能够剥离被清洗物表面的污垢，达到精密洗净的目的。

The working principle of ultrasonic cleaning machine is mainly based on the "cavitation effect" of ultrasonic waves. Ultrasonic waves are sound waves with frequencies higher than 20000 hertz, which have the characteristics of good directionality, strong penetration ability, and easy acquisition of concentrated sound energy. When ultrasound propagates in liquid, it causes microbubbles in the liquid to remain vibrating under the action of sound waves. When the pressure is reduced, vacuum nucleus bubbles are generated in the liquid; When subjected to compressive force, the vacuum core bubble is crushed by pressure to generate a strong impact force, which can peel off the dirt on the surface of the cleaned object and achieve precise cleaning.

除了空化作用，超声波在液体中还会产生直进流作用和加速度作用。直进流可使被清洗物表面的微油污垢被搅拌，促进污垢表面清洗液的对流，加快溶解污物的溶解液与新液的融合，对污物起到搬运作用。对于频率较高的超声波清洗机，加速度作用则靠液体粒子在超声作用下的加速度撞击粒子对污物进行超精密清洗。

In addition to cavitation, ultrasound also produces direct flow and acceleration effects in liquids. Direct flow can stir the micro oil dirt on the surface of the cleaned object, promote the convection of the cleaning solution on the dirt surface, accelerate the fusion of the dissolved liquid and the new liquid, and play a role in transporting the dirt. For high-frequency ultrasonic cleaning machines, the acceleration effect relies on the acceleration of liquid particles under ultrasonic action to collide with particles for ultra precision cleaning of dirt.

三、结构组成：三大模块协同工作

3、 Structure composition: Three major modules work together

最简单的超声波清洗设备由超声波发生器、换能器和清洗槽三个模块构成。

The simplest ultrasonic cleaning equipment consists of three modules: ultrasonic generator, transducer, and cleaning tank.

超声波发生器的作用是产生并向换能器提供超声能量，将市电转换成与超声波换能器相匹配的高频交流电信号。它就像是超声波清洗机的 “心脏”，为整个清洗过程提供动力支持。其频率自动跟踪和振幅控制特性至关重要，能根据负载和工具磨损情况调整输出功率，保证清洗质量并保护超声系统。

The function of an ultrasonic generator is to generate and provide ultrasonic energy to the transducer, converting the mains power into high-frequency AC signals that match the ultrasonic transducer. It is like the "heart" of an ultrasonic cleaning machine, providing power support for the entire cleaning process. The automatic frequency tracking and amplitude control characteristics are crucial, as they can adjust the output power according to the load and tool wear, ensuring cleaning quality and protecting the ultrasonic system.

换能器主要将超声波发生器输入的电功率转化成高强度的机械振动功率传递到清洗槽。在大功率超声波清洗机中，常采用多个换能器组合组成换能器阵列，以提高声电效率，加强清洗效果。常见的换能器有压电换能器和磁致伸缩换能器。

The transducer mainly converts the electrical power input by the ultrasonic generator into high-intensity mechanical vibration power and transmits it to the cleaning tank. In high-power ultrasonic cleaning machines, multiple transducers are often combined to form a transducer array to improve acoustic and electrical efficiency and enhance cleaning effectiveness. Common transducers include piezoelectric transducers and magnetostrictive transducers.

清洗槽通常使用不锈钢钢板做成，换能器和清洗槽粘连处的钢板不能太厚，否则会减少声能损失，粘贴面需做磨砂处理，以确保换能器和清洗槽壁牢牢粘贴。而清洗槽内壁与清洗液接触，要进行抛光处理，减少对清洗槽的空化腐蚀。

The cleaning tank is usually made of stainless steel plate. The steel plate at the junction of the transducer and the cleaning tank should not be too thick, otherwise it will reduce the loss of sound energy. The bonding surface needs to be sandblasted to ensure that the transducer and the cleaning tank wall are firmly adhered. When the inner wall of the cleaning tank comes into contact with the cleaning solution, it needs to be polished to reduce cavitation corrosion of the cleaning tank.

四、分类多样：满足不同需求

4、 Diverse categories: meeting different needs

根据用途的不同，超声波清洗机可分为工业用、商用、实验室用和家用超声波清洗机。工业用超声波清洗机主要用于机械零部件、电子元件等的清洗，具有功率大、清洗效率高的特点；商用超声波清洗机常用于眼镜店、珠宝店等，清洗一些小型物品；实验室用超声波清洗机对清洗精度要求较高，可满足科研实验中的清洗需求；家用超声波清洗机则操作简单、体积小巧，适合清洗日常的餐具、水果、眼镜等。

According to different purposes, ultrasonic cleaning machines can be divided into industrial, commercial, laboratory, and household ultrasonic cleaning machines. Industrial ultrasonic cleaning machines are mainly used for cleaning mechanical components, electronic components, etc., and have the characteristics of high power and high cleaning efficiency; Commercial ultrasonic cleaning machines are commonly used in eyewear stores, jewelry stores, etc. to clean some small items; The laboratory ultrasonic cleaning machine requires high cleaning accuracy and can meet the cleaning needs in scientific research experiments; The household ultrasonic cleaning machine is easy to operate and compact in size, suitable for cleaning daily utensils, fruits, glasses, etc.

按自动化程度，又可分为全自动、半自动和手动超声波清洗机。全自动超声波清洗机可实现一键操作，自动完成清洗、漂洗、干燥等一系列流程；半自动超声波清洗机需要人工辅助完成部分操作；手动超声波清洗机则主要依靠人工控制清洗过程。

According to the degree of automation, it can be divided into fully automatic, semi-automatic, and manual ultrasonic cleaning machines. The fully automatic ultrasonic cleaning machine can achieve one click operation, automatically completing a series of processes such as cleaning, rinsing, drying, etc; The semi-automatic ultrasonic cleaning machine requires manual assistance to complete some operations; Manual ultrasonic cleaning machines mainly rely on manual control of the cleaning process.

此外，还可按容量、槽体数量、使用的清洗剂等进行分类，不同类型的超声波清洗机满足了各行各业多样化的清洗需求。

In addition, ultrasonic cleaning machines can be classified according to capacity, number of tanks, and cleaning agents used. Different types of ultrasonic cleaning machines meet the diverse cleaning needs of various industries.

五、优势显著：高效、环保又安全

5、 Significant advantages: efficient, environmentally friendly, and safe

超声波清洗机具有诸多优势。首先，清洗效率高，它能够快速去除各类污垢，清洗速度比传统清洗方法快数倍甚至数十倍。其次，清洗效果好，能够深入清洗物体表面的细微缝隙和孔洞，达到传统清洗方式难以企及的洁净度，特别适用于表面形状复杂的零件清洗。再者，超声波清洗机在清洗过程中可减少化学溶剂的用量，降低环境污染，更加环保。而且，它采用物理清洗方式，对被清洗物体的损伤极小，保证了物品的安全性。

Ultrasonic cleaning machines have many advantages. Firstly, it has high cleaning efficiency and can quickly remove various types of dirt. The cleaning speed is several times or even dozens of times faster than traditional cleaning methods. Secondly, the cleaning effect is good, which can deeply clean the fine gaps and holes on the surface of objects, achieving a cleanliness level that traditional cleaning methods cannot achieve, especially suitable for cleaning parts with complex surface shapes. Furthermore, ultrasonic cleaning machines can reduce the amount of chemical solvents used during the cleaning process, lower environmental pollution, and are more environmentally friendly. Moreover, it adopts a physical cleaning method, which causes minimal damage to the cleaned object and ensures the safety of the item.

随着科技的不断进步，超声波清洗机将向着更高效、经济、智能化的方向发展。未来，我们有望看到更多新型的超声波清洗设备，为我们的生活和生产带来更多便利。

With the continuous advancement of technology, ultrasonic cleaning machines will develop towards higher efficiency, economy, and intelligence. In the future, we are expected to see more new types of ultrasonic cleaning equipment, bringing more convenience to our lives and production.