超声波除垢设备主要由超声波发生器、超声波震板、清洗槽等组成。超声波除垢主要是利用超声波电源作用是相应的超声波震子上产生超声波能在液体中不断通过空化物理作用使污垢物质在超声波作用下分散、疏松、破碎摧毁、脱落，不轻易附着在管壁上，从而达到了超声波除垢的效果。超声波除垢的原理主要体现在以下几个方面：

Ultrasonic descaling equipment is mainly composed of ultrasonic generator, ultrasonic vibration plate, cleaning tank, etc. Ultrasonic descaling mainly uses the function of ultrasonic power source, which is generated on the corresponding ultrasonic vibrator. Ultrasonic can continuously disperse, loosen, break, destroy and fall off the dirt material in the liquid through the physical effect of cavitation under the action of ultrasonic. It is not easy to adhere to the pipe wall, so as to achieve the effect of ultrasonic descaling. The principle of ultrasonic descaling is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1、空化作用：超声波的能量对被处理流体介质直接产生大量的空穴和气泡，当声压或者声强受到压力到达一定程度时候，气泡就会迅速膨胀，然后又突然闭合。产生一定范围的强盛的压力峰，局部的压力峰可达上千个大气压，成垢物质在压力峰作用下，破碎摧毁悬浮于水中，并使已天生的垢层破碎使其易于脱落，这样达到超声波除垢的目的。

1. Cavitation: ultrasonic energy directly produces a large number of holes and bubbles in the treated fluid medium. When the sound pressure or sound intensity reaches a certain level, the bubbles will expand rapidly and then close suddenly. Under the action of the pressure peak, the scaling material is broken, destroyed and suspended in the water, and the natural scaling layer is broken to make it easy to fall off, so as to achieve the purpose of ultrasonic scaling.

   
   

2、剪切作用：超声波幅射在垢层和管壁上及水中，因为对超声波频率响应不同，三者产生不同步的振动，因此产生高速的相对运动。因为速度差形成垢层与换热器管壁界面上的相对剪切力，从而导致垢层产声波除垢的目的。

2. Shear action: ultrasonic radiation in the scale layer and pipe wall and water, because of the different response to the ultrasonic frequency, the three produce asynchronous vibration, resulting in high-speed relative motion. Because the velocity difference forms the relative shear force on the interface between the scale layer and the tube wall of the heat exchanger, the scale layer produces acoustic wave to remove the scale.

3、按捺作用：通过超声波的作用改变流体主体的物理化学性质，能按捺水中离子在壁面处的成核和长大。因此，减少粘附于换热器面上成垢离子的数目。实践研究证实，超声波作用时间越长防止成垢物质结垢效果越佳。

3. Inhibition: by changing the physical and chemical properties of the main fluid through the action of ultrasonic wave, it can inhibit the nucleation and growth of ions in water on the wall. Therefore, the number of scale forming ions adhering to the heat exchanger surface is reduced. The results show that the longer the ultrasonic time is, the better the effect is.

另外气体型气泡的振动对固体表面进行擦洗，污层一旦有缝可钻，气泡立即“钻入”振动使污层脱落，当固体粒子被油污裹着而粘附在清洗件表面时，油被乳化、固体粒子自行脱落，超声在清洗液中传播时会产生正负交变的声压，形成射流，冲击清洗件。

In addition, the vibration of gas type bubble can scrub the solid surface. Once the dirt layer has a seam to drill, the bubble will immediately "drill in" and vibrate to make the dirt layer fall off. When the solid particles are wrapped by oil and adhere to the surface of the cleaning parts, the oil will be emulsified and the solid particles will fall off by themselves. When the ultrasonic wave propagates in the cleaning liquid, the positive and negative alternating sound pressure will be generated, forming a jet and impacting the cleaning parts.

同时由于非线性效应会产生声流和微声流，而在固体和液体界面会产生高速的微射流，所有这些作用，能够破坏污物，除去或削弱边界污层，增加搅拌、扩散作用，加速可溶性污物的溶解，强化化学清洗剂的清洗作用。由此可见，凡是液体能浸到且声场存在的地方都有清洗作用，其特点适用于表面形状非常复杂的零件的清洗。尤其是采用超声波清洗原理技术后大大提升清洗质量节约清洗成本

At the same time, because of the nonlinear effect, the acoustic flow and micro acoustic flow will be generated, and the high-speed micro jet will be generated at the interface of solid and liquid. All these effects can destroy the dirt, remove or weaken the boundary dirt layer, increase the stirring and diffusion, accelerate the dissolution of soluble dirt, and strengthen the cleaning effect of chemical cleaning agent. It can be seen that all the places where the liquid can be immersed and the sound field exists have the cleaning effect, and its characteristics are suitable for the cleaning of parts with very complex surface shape. Especially after using ultrasonic cleaning principle technology, the cleaning quality is greatly improved and the cleaning cost is saved

总之，水在超声波作用下，当超声波能量足够大时，即“功率超声”能够在常温、常压的环境前提下，使传导介质中产生短促的“空化作用”从而引发很多的力学、物理、化学、生物等效应，达到清洗对象在流体中超声波除垢目的。

In a word, under the action of ultrasound, when the ultrasonic energy is large enough, that is, the "power ultrasound" can produce short "cavitation" in the conduction medium under the premise of normal temperature and pressure, thus causing a lot of mechanical, physical, chemical, biological and other effects, so as to achieve the purpose of ultrasonic descaling in the fluid.